Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder characterized by abdominal pain, cramping and changes in bowel function, including bloating, gas, diarrhea and constipation.

Q: What causes IBS?

Dr. Morsbach: Nobody really knows. We do know that IBS symptoms occur when the contractions in the large intestine are too fast (causing diarrhea), too slow (causing constipation), or too hard (causing cramps). People with IBS also tend to be more sensitive to contractions and distension caused by pockets of gas. Many factors can trigger IBS symptoms, including diet and stress.

Q: How is IBS diagnosed?

Dr. Morsbach: It’s really a diagnosis of exclusion. First, we run a number of tests, which may include blood work, a CT scan and a colonoscopy, to look for inflammation or blockages in the colon. If everything appears normal, there’s a good chance that the patient has IBS.

Q: How is IBS treated?

Dr. Morsbach: The key is managing the symptoms. Work with your doctor who will help you to identify and avoid dietary and emotional triggers. He or she may then prescribe fiber and stool softeners for constipation and anti-diarrhea agents for patients with loose bowels. Medications such as anti-spasmodics can help with cramps, and we may even try an antidepressant to help raise a patient’s threshold for pain.